Corel Draw Introduction

Corel Draw
Graphics Design using Corel Draw
Corel draw is graphics application that is used to design advertisement, logo, cads, broachers, newsletters, banners, images, and so on, for print or for web.
An artwork developed in CorelDraw is referred as a drawing. Each component created in a drawing such as line, text, curve, symbols or image is referred as an object. Each object in a drawing stores its own attributes, such as shape, size, position, and color. The drawings can be modified without affecting drawing quality.
Types of Digital Images
Computer graphics comes in two main types
Raster Images (Photo Realistic)
Raster images also known as Bit-mapped images are made up of a mosaic of picture elements, called Pixels. A pixel is the smallest unit of composition in an image. When raster images stored, the information contained in each pixel is stored separately, which increases the file size?
When raster images enlarged, their edges appear rough and jagged.
Raster images are realistic and manipulate-able (each pixel can be edited on an individual basis)
Vector Images
The images consist of lines and curves that are defined mathematical objects are called vector images. Vector images can alter to large size without making their edges rough or jagged. Vector images are ideal for web pages because they are small in size, and so they download faster than raster images.
Vector based images commonly used in Computer Aided Drawings (CAD), and digital drawing software.

Image Formats

Image Formats
The following are some common formats with brief definitions of their uses. Note that Photoshop can handle many other graphics formats as well.

• Bitmap (.bmp). This is a standard graphics file format for Windows.
• GIF (.gif). GIF stands for Graphics Interchange Format. It is one of the three common graphics formats you can use for Web publishing. Because it is a compressed format, it takes less time to send by modem.
• JPEG (.jpg). JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group. JPEG is another popular format for Web publishing.
• PDF (.pdf). Adobe Acrobat's Portable Document Format, a system for creating documents that can be read cross-platform.
• PNG (.png). Stands for Portable Network Graphic. It's a newer and arguably better format for Web graphics, combining GIF's good compression with the JPEG's unlimited color palette. However, older browsers don't support it.
• TIFF (.tif). TIFF stands for Tagged Image File Format. These files can be saved for use on either Macintosh or Windows machines. This is also often the preferred format for desktop publishing applications, such as InDesign and QuarkXPress. When you save a TIFF file, you can choose whether to include layers. If you do include layers in a TIFF file, the image might not be compatible with all desktop publishing programs.
• EPS (.eps). Encapsulated PostScript is another format often used for desktop publishing. It uses the PostScript page description language, and can be used by both Macintosh and PC.
• Raw (usually .raw). This format saves image information in the most flexible format for transferring files between applications, devices (such as digital cameras), and computer platforms.

Adobe Photoshop Introduction

Graphics Design using Adobe Photoshop
Adobe Photoshop is a graphics editing program developed and published byAdobe Systems Incorporated.
Photoshop is still the ultimate graphics program, although it's far different from the first version released about 15 years ago. Even though it's mainly used for photo retouching and image manipulation, you can also use it to create original art, either from scratch or based on a photograph. You can even use it to set type and turn plain fonts into gleaming metal or three-dimensional puffy satin, or whatever you like. It's much more fun than a video game and much less difficult than you might think
In 1987, Thomas Knoll, a PhD student at the University of Michigan, began writing a program on his Macintosh Plus to display grayscale images on a monochrome display. This program, called Display, caught the attention of his brother John Knoll, an Industrial Light & Magic employee, who recommended Thomas turn it into a fully-fledged image editing program. Thomas took a six month break from his studies in 1988 to collaborate with his brother on the program, which had been renamed ImagePro. Later that year, Thomas renamed his program Photoshop and worked out a short-term deal with scanner manufacturer Barney scan to distribute copies of the program with a slide scanner; a "total of about 200 copies of Photoshop were shipped" this way.
During this time, John traveled to Silicon Valley and gave a demonstration of the program to engineers at Apple and Russell Brown, art director at Adobe. Both showings were successful, and Adobe decided to purchase the license to distribute in September 1988. While John worked on plug-ins in California, Thomas remained in Ann Arbor writing program code. Photoshop 1.0 was released in 1990 for Macintosh exclusively.
Photoshop has ties with other Adobe software for media editing, animation, and authoring. The .PSD (Photoshop Document), Photoshop's native format, stores an image with support for most imaging options available in Photoshop. These include layers with masks, color spaces, ICC profiles, transparency, text, alpha channels and spot colors, clipping paths, and duotone settings. This is in contrast to many other file formats (e.g. .EPS or .GIF) that restrict content to provide streamlined, predictable functionality.
Photoshop's popularity means that the .PSD format is widely used, and it is supported to some extent by most competing software. The .PSD file format can be exported to and from Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Premiere Pro, and After Effects, to make professional standard DVDs and provide non-linear editing and special effects services, such as backgrounds, textures, and so on, for television, film, and the Web. Photoshop is a pixel-based image editor, unlike programs such as Macromedia FreeHand (now defunct), Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape or CorelDraw, which are vector-based image editors.
Photoshop uses color models RGB, lab, CMYK, grayscale, binary bitmap, and duotone. Photoshop has the ability to read and  write raster and vector image formats such as .EPS, .PNG, .GIF, .JPEG, and Adobe Fireworks.
Getting Started
Launching Photoshop and Customizing the Desktop. You start Photoshop just as you launch any other program under Windows or the Mac OS. As with other programs, you can choose the method you find the easiest and most convenient.
Here’s a quick summary of your options:
Launch from the Windows Start menu. Windows PCs have a handy pop-up Programs menu that includes your most frequently used applications. Just locate the program on the menu and select it.
Launch from the Windows taskbar. You may have inserted icons for your really mission-critical programs in these readily accessible launching bars, usually found at the bottom (or sometimes sides) of your screen. Click the Photoshop icon to start.
Launch Photoshop by double-clicking a shortcut or alias icon placed on your desktop.
Double-click an image file associated with Photoshop. When you installed Photoshop, the setup program let you specify which type of common image file types (.TIF, .PSD, PCX, and so forth) you wanted to be associated with (or linked to, for launching purposes) Photoshop, ImageReady, or neither (Windows only). Double-clicking an icon, shortcut, or alias representing the file type you chose launches Photoshop

Hyper Text Markup Language

Web Development using HTML
HTML & The Internet

The Internet (sometimes called “the Net” for short) is a network of computers linked together. It started in 1969 as a US military experiment to share computer resources more efficiently. Later, it was expanded to include colleges and research facilities.

Today, the Net has grown into a massive public broadcast medium. It is an international network of mixed computer technology with more than 600 million users using several different computer languages called protocols. HTML is one the most common and popular protocol.

Where Did HTML Come From?
In March of 1989, 20 years after the Internet was “born,” Tim Berners-Lee, a computer scientist at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland published a paper titled Information Management: A Proposal. In it, he suggested a way of managing information by linking related documents and having them all available over a computer network so physicists could share research results with each other.
At the time, SGML, or Standard Generalized Markup Language, was the standard format for large-scale documents accessed by researchers using computers. As more computers were networked, more documents were put online in SGML format, but SGML was unwieldy and difficult to use.
HTML, or Hypertext Markup Language, combined the wide acceptance of SGML with ease of use. Instead of many commands, HTML used only a small subset, making it easier to learn.

What was truly different about HTML, however, was the concept of links, or references to other documents. Each SGML document was designed to stand alone, but HTML documents are designed to refer to other documents.

These references can appear in any web page on any site, and are not limited to references to the same site. This crisscrossing of references makes the World Wide Web a web, and because of its ability to link documents, HTML became the basic language of the Web.

The Web Development Cycle

Each document produced in HTML is considered to be one web page …no matter how long or short it is. An entire group of web pages collected at one location is called a web site (or just “site” for short.)

There are four major stages in the web development cycle:

1. Planning — Writing a web page is simple, however, if you want to create a good site, you will need to put some planning into it. You need to decide what you want to say, organize your thoughts, research what you want it to look like and decide what should be linked to what. This should all be done in the planning stage.

2. Creating — After the web site is planned, you need to write the text and format it with HTML commands. You will also need to gather or create the graphics you will use in your site.

3. Testing — After each page is created, you will need to test it on one or more different browsers to make sure it looks and acts like you want it to. You can do the initial testing off-line, on your computer and correct any mistakes before you publish.

4. Publishing —Publishing a web site is similar to publishing a book…you make it available to anyone who wants to see it by uploading, or moving your finished page (or pages) from your computer to a web server. A web server is simply a computer whose job it is to send the file to any computer asking to look at it. In creating complicated web pages, it's not unusual for the web page creator to write part of the page, test it, and then write more. The writing and testing stages of the web development cycle usually take the most amount of time.

Elements of Web Pages
Windows Elements
The title of Webpage is the text that appears on the title bar of the browser window when the webpage appears.The title ,which usually the first element you see ,should identify and briefly explain the page’s contents or pupose of visitors.
The body of webpage contains the information that is displayed in browser window.The body can include text,graphics and other elements.
Text Elements
Normal Text is the default text format used for main contents of Web page
at the most basic level, every Web page is a text document. A text document is a file that contains words, letters, and numbers with or  without any formatting.
Headings are the large font size than normal text and often are bold or italic or different color than normal text.
Image Elements
You can use logos, graphical text, or images and WordArt to add a professional look to your Web pages. Web page uses three types of files as images: GIF, JPEG, and PNP. The last major “technical” Web graphics consideration is file size, which is directly related to download speeds
Hyperlink Elements.
One of more important elements of Web page is hyperlink, or link .A Link is text, an image or another Web page element that you click to instruct the browser to go to a location in a file or to request a file from server. Text links are also called hypertext links are mostly used hyperlinks.